This is an attempt to refute the 1908 treatise of Spiridon Miliarakis on the descent of man. The book has four parths. The first is an introduction, the second a critique of Miliarakis' presentation of the findings in Neanderthal and Spy, the third a critique of the presentation of the apeman in Dabois and finally, the fourth a full scale refutation of Miliarakis' conclusions.